Infectious Disease In Toddlers

The most feared of parents with children under five is when infants and toddlers are still vulnerable . body endurance and play a variety of environmental conditions can be the cause of the child's disease is contagious. Pain can not be avoided by anyone.


If you recognize the symptoms gelaja pain experienced by the child, maybe this will make you be a little quieter, at least you can take countermeasures quickly and appropriately in dealing with the symptoms and pain your toddler.

There are several types of diseases attack only once, after the child is ill and recovered, then he will be immune to disease earlier, for example, red cheek syndrome. Each time the child is sick, his immune system will get stronger, so you need not worry.

Here are tips for parents when the baby / toddler you are experiencing symptoms such as the following:

1. Roseola infatum

Roseola infantum is an infectious viral disease in infants or children who are very young, which causes a rash and high fever. Roseola usually affects children aged 6 months - 3 years.

Cause:
The cause is the herpes virus types 6 and 7. The virus is spread through saliva splashes patients. The incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms) is about 5-15 days. This disease usually lasts for 1 week.

Symptoms:
Fever arise suddenly, reaching 39.4 to 40.6 ° Celsius and lasts for 3-5 days. Despite the high fever, but the child remained conscious and active. At the start of high body temperature, 5-10% of patients experienced febrile seizures (seizures caused by high fever).

It could be swelling of the lymph nodes in the back of the head, neck next to the side and behind the ears. Also slightly enlarged spleen. On the fourth day, the fever usually begins to fall.

Approximately 30% of children had a rash (redness of the skin), which is flat and prominent, especially in the chest and abdomen and sometimes spreads to the face, arms and legs. The rash is not itchy and lasts for a few hours to 2 days.

Treatment:
Keep children many breaks. Lower the special baby fever with paracetamol (check the recommended age on the box).

Complications:
When the child's body temperature is very high, it may experience a febrile seizure (the attack can occur when a viral infection accompanied by high fever).

2. Red cheek syndrome (parvovirus B19)

Parvovirus B19 is a virus that is generally, and only affects humans. Approximately half the adults must have been exposed as possible during childhood or adolescence.

Symptoms:
It starts with a fever and respiratory distress. Rash, such as a punch, appeared on his cheeks. After over two to four days, the rash spreads to the line of the body, arms and legs. For several days before the rash appears, the disease is contagious. The child is usually not very ill and the pain will improve within 7-10 days.

Treatment:
Give paracetamol special baby (check the recommended age on the packaging) to reduce fever, or treat the itch. After the child recovers from parvovirus infection, he usually has immunity and further protected from infection at a later date.

Complications:
This disease can be problematic when chronic, it can lead to acute anemia. Avoid contact with children infected with parvovirus pregnant women because it can cause miscarriage.

Prevention:

    * There is no vaccine or medicine that prevents parvovirus B19 infection.
    * Frequent hand washing has been recommended as a practical and good to reduce the spread of parvovirus.
    * Keep the affected person from work, child care, schools or other centers are not likely to prevent the spread of parvovirus B19, because the sufferer can infect before arise.
    * Pregnant women do not need to be told to stay away from the workplace affected by the outbreak of Fifth Disease in connection with the foregoing. Whether in this case should stay away from first place of work is her own decision after talk with families, physicians and employers.


3. Impetigo

Impetigo is a skin infection that often occurs in children, often called pyoderma. Impetigo typically affects children aged 2-5 years. The cause is the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus hemolytic too.

Impetigo consists of two types, namely:

Impetigo krustosa / kontagiosa (its lay terms, honey chicken pox) is a disorder that occurs around the nose and mouth. Characteristics, the skin redness and blisters that break down quickly, leaving a thick yellow scabs like honey. When the scab is removed, visible blisters underneath.

Bullous Impetigo / vesico bullosa (monkey pox or measles fire) that often occurs in the armpits, chest, and back. Its features are redness of the skin and bubbles (like skin cigarette to fire known as chickenpox), which contains pus fragile. Chickenpox is highly contagious fire and move from one to the other parts of the skin. If occurs in newborns, the infection can spread throughout the body via the bloodstream. This disorder can be accompanied by fever and lead to serious infections.

Symptoms:
You'll discover a pimple, small blisters around the nose and mouth or your child's ear, which will break up and harden to form a yellow-brown scab. This disease can be contagious when the blisters are crusted discharge and, until two days after treatment began.

Treatment:
Oral antibiotics or antibiotic cream prescription.

Complications:
Side effects are rare, but because the disease is contagious, this situation needs to be addressed immediately.

4. Chickenpox

Is a disease that is often found in children. Chicken pox chicken pox or varicella zoster viral. This virus attacks the skin by forming sores (lesions) that contains fluid. Infection with this virus usually affects infants aged 9 months and older.

Symptoms:
Chickenpox begins with the uncomfortable condition of the body, a rash and sometimes slightly increased body temperature (above 37 ° Celsius). After one or two days, the spots appear - red color and become blisters filled with water. Usually begin to appear in the body, then spreads and dries into crust, which will dry up and flake off. Children from infected since one or two days before the rash appears until all the spots dry up and flake off.

Treatment:
Usually you do not need to bring the child to the doctor, unless you are not sure if your child had chicken pox or not, or your child is very uncomfortable and cranky. Give it as much fluids and paracetamol special baby (check the recommended age on the packaging), to lower the body temperature. Bath with lukewarm water with a little bicarbonate of soda can help relieve itching.

Alternatively, wipe the spots with calamine lotion; when she woke in the night because of itching, antihistamines can also relieve the symptoms (both available at pharmacies). Wear it loose clothing made of cotton and temporarily remove the diaper to relieve itching.

Strive not to be a toddler infected with other diseases, resulting in complications. For example, do not allow toddlers to play outside with her friends and keep her from anything that can make a nodule-bintilnya broken. If the nodule rupture, the possibility of bacterial infection so larger. If you have this, children should be given antibiotics even sometimes need hospitalization.

Complications:
In rare cases, chickenpox can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). If your child has had chickenpox, make sure it is not anywhere near pregnant women in the first half of pregnancy, and never had chickenpox before. Pregnant women who have had chicken pox can be at risk of miscarriage or birth defects. Women who do not have immunity and will soon give birth too risky, because it could have the baby born with chickenpox.

Prevention
Prevented by vaccination. To prevent the possibility of contracting chicken pox or the vaccine can be given. If exposed after vaccination, usually not to severe.

Vaccination usually give at the age of one year and above. Because at this age babies no longer have immunity from the mother. Power protection this vaccine can 97% and can be repeated at 5-year-old toddler.

5. Whooping cough

The disease is also called the 100 day cough is a respiratory illness that is highly contagious. The disease is more common in children, especially under 2 years old. Whooping cough can also occur in adults, but not dangerous. Become more dangerous if it occurs in children, toddlers, and the elderly.

The disease is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis sometimes by. Transmission through coughing or sneezing of infected people.

Symptoms:
Early symptoms of flu-like whooping cough, and after two weeks he had started coughing. Can also he was choking or vomiting and sometimes breathing sounds when breathing or after coughing. It took weeks to ease coughing. This bacterial infection with mucus clogging the air holes and could last about four weeks since the cough started. If your child is coughing constantly and for a long time, visit your doctor to get a diagnosis and prevent infecting others.

Treatment:
Give your child foods that are easily swallowed and gave a lot of drinking. Help him remove phlegm to lay her on your lap and pat his back. Your doctor will also prescribe antibiotics.

Provide nutritious foods that are easily digested bit by bit. Avoid foods that contain lots of sugar, artificial sweeteners, and fried foods.

Complications:
In severe cases, the child may need to be hospitalized to receive oxygen therapy and rehydration treatment. Sometimes severe coughing attacks that can cause inflammation in the lungs and makes children susceptible to lung infections. Secondary infection, although rare, can lead to pneumonia and bronchitis. Avoid contact with other babies at risk of complications.

6. Rubella (German Measles)

Is similar but different from the virus that causes measles, had attacked a lifetime. Although the virus causes vary, but rubella and measles (rubeola) has some similarities. Rubella and Measles is an infection that causes redness of the skin on the sufferer. Rubella is a serious illness that could potentially be a fatal disease that can lead to disability and death.

Symptoms:
Rubella begins with a rash followed by flu spots, which appear in one or two days - first in the face, then the rest of the body. Behind the neck glands to swell. Rubella virus began to attack before the rash appears, until at least four days after the rash is gone. In recent years, the disease is rare because children usually get a shot against measles, mumps, rubella, at the age of about 12-15 months.

Treatment:
Give your child a cold drink, wear light clothing and give it a special baby paracetamol (check the recommended age on the box) to lower body temperature.

Complications:
Although including mild infection in children, keep children of pregnant women over four months or women who are trying to conceive. If your child anywhere near a pregnant woman before you find out the disease, tell him to be able to consult a doctor as soon as possible. It is necessary to find out whether she has had immune system, because it will cause the baby birth defects.

Prevention
For children under five, at the age of 15 months or 12 months (if he does not get immunized against measles), mumps vaccination-measles-rubella (MMR), to prevent the high risk of harm to health.

7. Mumps (mumps)

Mumps is an acute viral infectious disease of the salivary glands (especially the parotid). Patients can transmit the disease from ± 7 days before onset of symptoms up to ± 9 days later. Transmission can occur through: spray saliva (droplet infection), tools used to eat and drink together. The disease is mostly found in children of primary school age (between 5-9 years). The cause is the mumps virus from the family Paramyxoviridae.

Symptoms:
Symptoms of mumps clear: swollen and tender glands under the ears and under the chin. Your child also has a fever, headache, dry mouth, difficulty chewing and swallowing. The disease caused by this virus is generally harmless; infection started a few days before the glands swell up mengempes back. Lately mumps are rare, because usually the child is getting an injection of MMR at the age of about 12-15 months.

Treatment:
Compress the child with lukewarm water to reduce the fever give paracetamol or special baby (check the recommended age on the packaging) and / or ibuprofen special baby (when he was already over six months - check the recommended age on the packaging). Give plenty to drink but not fruit juice, because fruit juice can produce saliva, which can cause pain. No need to see a doctor unless your child complains of abdominal pain, pain, or a rash increase.

Complications:
Although rare, mumps can lead to meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Besides mumps are also at risk (albeit small) interfere with the function of the testes in boys.

Prevention

    * Avoid contact with the patient.
    * Increase endurance.
    * Immunization (usually in the form of MMR immunization).


8. Measles (rubeola, measles 9 days, Measles)

Penyakir is transmitted to infants who were present throughout the year without a summer. Although infected only once, did not anticipate the child to experience complications. Measles or more often called tampek easily transmitted. The virus can live and spread through the air. Measles, which in foreign terms is called measles, is caused by the measles virus or measles or morbili virus (MV) of the paramyxovirus family. Measles attack only once in a lifetime, when a small child has been exposed to measles then after that he normally would not be exposed again.

Symptoms:
Symptoms of measles begins with cold, hard coughing, and watery eyes. White patches in the mouth (Koplik spots) is a sign of the beginning. Your child feels uncomfortable, high fever, and it's hard to see a bright light. The rash appears on the third or fourth day, usually behind the ear, and then spread to other body parts. The spots will be flushed and more and more, but it does not itch.

The disease usually lasts about a week. Measles is highly contagious and potentially serious viral disease, but usually rare because most children have received the MMR shot at age 12-15 months. The disease is very contagious since a few days before the rash appears until five days after the rash disappears.

Treatment:
Visit the doctor. No need to take your child to the doctor because it could potentially infect other children. Give plenty of water (warm water can relieve coughing) and give special baby paracetamol (check the recommended age on the packaging) to reduce body temperature. Vaseline will protect the skin around the lips. Wipe the crust on the edge of the eye, and darken rooms when the light bothered him. Because the disease is derived from the virus, can be treated with antibiotics, but your doctor may give to a secondary infection.

Complications:
Ear infections and lungs, vomiting and diarrhea may occur two days after the rash appears. The disease is also a small risk of causing pneumonia or ensefasilitis, lung disorders or ear.

Prevention
Perform measles immunization in children. It is not guaranteed to be 100%, but if to measles virus, then the condition is not too severe. Immunizations can be done twice. First at the age of 9 months of age infants have been selected for antibodies derived from the mother through the placenta had declined so take extra antibodies through immunization. In order to better your child's immune then repeated measles vaccination at age 15 months with immunization MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella).

Why Men More Forgetful Than Women ..?

You often complain about a couple who seem often pretended to forget a task that you give? For example, you are asked to make milk for your baby while you cook, and 15 minutes later you find that he was still glaring in front of the TV? What's worse, he said you'd never ask her to do the work. Things like this are very frequent. Strangely, he never forgot when I have to remember the schedule soccer match that took place early morning.

This fact is not show that the selective nature of memory man, but because he has a reason for his inability to keep up with the things that women do.

According to a new study, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which usually appears as a symptom of mild memory loss, one and a half times more common in men than women. The study, published in the September issue of the journal Neurology, was attended by 2,050 people aged 70-89 years in Olmstead County, Minnesota. As many as 14 percent of female respondents was experiencing MCI, while the number of men at 20 percent. The researchers looked surprised by this discovery. Why is that?

According to study leader, Dr. Ronald Peterson, who is also director of the Mayo Clinic's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center in Rochester, Minn.., And a member of the American Academy of Neurology, and Alzheimer's dementia is more common in women. Because of this fact, Peterson thinks women will suffer from memory loss problems earlier than men.

"We do not understand what the meaning of the results of this study," he said. "Most of us feel that there are more women who have dementia, because they live longer than men."

But it may be, according to Peterson, he suffered memory loss early. Symptoms are lighter and last longer, because they do not live longer than women. Therefore, they did not live long enough to develop Alzheimer's or other types of dementia.

That men experience greater memory problems, Peterson estimates that have nothing to do with the early signs of dementia. The probability of this is due to vascular diseases such as high blood pressure or diabetes, each of which can affect cognitive abilities.

Study of Alzheimer's Disease Research Center also shows that people with lower levels of education and are not married, tend to MCI. "It really reflects the fact that a person with higher education may have a cognitive reserve, and can compensate for mild memory loss better," said Peterson. While married people, he added, tend to have stronger social networks. This is the lifestyle factors that influence better health overall.

So if you often forget which put the car keys or your glasses, do not worry that you are developing symptoms of dementia. "Some forgetfulness is also a normal part of the aging process," said Peterson.

No need to fret if you forgot to have to call someone, or forgot to bring my wallet. We can all forget when attention shifted, especially if we are doing multitasking. But when you always forget important information such as schedules to the doctor, a lunch with friends, then you have reason to worry. Immediately consult a doctor.